Methods of T Cell Depletion Trial (MoTD)

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This is a prospective, phase II, adaptive, multicentre, randomised clinical trial in patients undergoing reduced intensity conditioned (RIC) unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The trial will compare the novel graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis regimens of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) + Calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) (PTCy-CNI) or PTCy + Sirolimus to a current standard-of-care involving the use of T-cell depletion with Thymoglobulin. Patients will be minimised at randomisation by their randomising centre, disease risk score (low/intermediate or high/very high) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) match (10/10 or 9/10). Patients eligible for entry into the trial will be randomised on a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either one of the experimental treatment arms or the control arm. The primary objective is to compare GvHD-free, relapse-free Survival (GRFS) in patients treated with the GvHD prophylaxis regimens PTCy-CNI, PTCy-Sirolimus or T-cell depletion with Thymoglobulin. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the cumulative incidence of acute GvHD (aGvHD), the cumulative incidence of moderate and severe chronic GvHD (cGvHD), the cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), immune suppression-free survival, the cumulative incidence of engraftment, the incidence of full donor chimerism, the cumulative incidence of infection requiring inpatient admission, the number of inpatient days, the timing and dose of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), the cumulative incidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related-post transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), the number of doses rituximab administered for EBV reactivation, quality of life (QoL), the cumulative incidence of haemorrhagic cystitis, the cumulative incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia and CMV end-organ disease and safety and tolerability. The scientific research will address the questions about how plasma biomarkers for GvHD predict GvHD and non-relapse mortality following T-cell depleted methods of transplantation and how the different methods of T-cell depletion impact on immune function and re-constitution. Outcome Measures Primary Outcome Measure: • GvHD-free, relapse-free survival at 1 year Secondary Outcome Measures: * Cumulative incidence of acute grade II-IV and III-IV GvHD at 1 year * Cumulative incidence of moderate and severe chronic GvHD at 1 year * Cumulative incidence of NRM at 1 year * Overall survival at 1 year * Progression-free survival at 1 year * Immune suppression-free survival at 1 year * Cumulative incidence of engraftment at 1 year * The incidence of full donor chimerism at 100 days * The cumulative incidence of infection requiring inpatient admission at 1 year * The number of inpatient days during first 12 months * The timing and dose of DLI for mixed chimerism, persistent disease or relapse * Cumulative incidence of EBV-related PTLD * The number of doses of rituximab administered for EBV reactivation during first 12 months * QoL measured by FACT-BMT questionnaire at baseline, 6 months and 12 months * Cumulative incidence of patients with haemorrhagic cystitis at 1 year * Cumulative incidence of CMV viremia and CMV end-organ disease at 1 year * Safety defined as the incidence of ≥ grade 3 toxicities reported as per the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) v4.0 * Tolerability defined to be the number of patients able to complete therapy as scheduled Exploratory Outcome Measures: The scientific research will address the following questions: 1. Do plasma biomarkers for GvHD predict GvHD and non-relapse mortality following T-cell depleted methods of transplantation? 2. Do PTCy methods increase T cell receptor repertoire diversity (as measured by TCR DNA sequencing) compared to ATG-based T cell depletion? 3. How do the different methods of T-cell depletion impact upon donor Treg reconstitution? 4. How do the different methods of T-cell depletion impact upon thymic function as evaluated by measurement of recent thymic emigrants? 5. Are PTCy methods of TCD associated with better preservation of virus-specific immunity (as measured by tetramer or ex vivo functional immune responses)? Patient Population Adults considered suitable for an allo-SCT with the following haematological malignancies will be recruited to this trial: * Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) * Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) * Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) * Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) * Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) * Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) * Multiple myeloma (MM) * Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) * Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) * Myelofibrosis Sample Size: Up to 400 patients will be randomised to the MoTD trial across IMPACT centres. Trial Duration: Patients will be recruited over 48 months. Patients will be followed up for a minimum of 1 year. MoTD Trials Office Contact Details: MoTD trials office, Centre for Clinical Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH Tel: 0121 371 7858 Email: MoTD@trials.bham.ac.uk